PubMed Update July 2016

11 papers this month, including an announcement that naloxone is now over-the-counter in Australia.

1) Factors associated with knowledge of a Good Samaritan Law among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.

Evans TI, Hadland SE, Clark MA, Green TC, Marshall BD.

Harm Reduct J. 2016 Jul 26;13(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12954-016-0113-2.

Comments: Less than half knew about it.

2) Reasons for Benzodiazepine Use Among Persons Seeking Opioid Detoxification.

Stein MD, Kanabar M, Anderson BJ, Lembke A, Bailey GL.

J Subst Abuse Treat. 2016 Sep;68:57-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.06.008. Epub 2016 Jun 16.

Comments: Important work, as there’s an effort to also reduce benzodiazepine prescribing among people who are on opioids. Understanding the drivers of BDZ use should be helpful in structuring interventions. Anxiety and managing opioid withdrawal were two main reasons.

3) Trends in Methadone Distribution for Pain Treatment, Methadone Diversion, and Overdose Deaths – United States, 2002-2014.

Jones CM, Baldwin GT, Manocchio T, White JO, Mack KA.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jul 8;65(26):667-71. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6526a2.

Comments: Interesting analysis of methadone prescribing, overdose, and diversion. It seems that efforts to reduce methadone, beginning in 2006, corresponded with reduced diversion and overdose; unfortunate that opioid overdose death overall continued to escalate.

4) Determinants of willingness to enroll in opioid agonist treatment among opioid dependent people who inject drugs in Ukraine.

Makarenko I, Mazhnaya A, Polonsky M, Marcus R, Bojko MJ, Filippovych S, Springer S, Dvoriak S, Altice FL.

Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016 Aug 1;165:213-20. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.011. Epub 2016 Jun 17.

Comments: Barriers to enrolling in agonist treatment in Ukraine.

5) The next three letters were responding to an earlier paper from several months ago regarding intranasal naloxone:

While we dither, people continue to die from overdose: Comments on ‘Clinical provision of improvised nasal naloxone without experimental testing and without regulatory approval: imaginative shortcut or dangerous bypass of essential safety procedures?’

Coffin P, Rich J, Dailey M, Stancliff S, Beletsky L.

Addiction. 2016 Jul 14. doi: 10.1111/add.13412. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.

Comments on Strang et al. (2016): ‘Clinical provision of improvised nasal naloxone without experimental testing and without regulatory approval: imaginative shortcut or dangerous bypass of essential safety procedures?’

Doe-Simkins M, Banta-Green C, Davis CS, Green TC, Walley AY.

Addiction. 2016 Jul 14. doi: 10.1111/add.13399. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.

Letters to Addiction from Coffin et al. and Doe-Simpkins et al. re: ‘For Debate’ on clinical use of improvised nasal naloxone sprays: authors’ response.

Strang J, Mcdonald R.

Addiction. 2016 Jul 13. doi: 10.1111/add.13468. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.

6) Opioid agonist treatment for pharmaceutical opioid dependent people.

Nielsen S, Larance B, Degenhardt L, Gowing L, Kehler C, Lintzeris N.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 May 9;(5):CD011117. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011117.pub2. Review.

Comment: Low to moderate evidence to support this intervention, but it appears more effective than other options.

7) [Death from fentanyl: Causative and preventive approaches in Bavaria].

Erbas B, Arnold M.

MMW Fortschr Med. 2016 Feb 18;158(3):54-6. doi: 10.1007/s15006-016-7821-0. Review. German. No abstract available.

Comments: Can’t access.

8) Australia reschedules naloxone for opioid overdose.

Lenton SR, Dietze PM, Jauncey M.

Med J Aust. 2016 Mar 7;204(4):146-7. No abstract available.

Comments: In Australia this means it is now available for over-the-counter purchase!

9) Take-home naloxone programs and calls to emergency services.

Kirwan A, Curtis M, van Beek IA, Cantwell K, Dietze PM.

Med J Aust. 2016 Mar 7;204(4):143. No abstract available.

Comments: Can’t access.

10) Increase in Naloxone Prescriptions Dispensed in US Retail Pharmacies Since 2013.

Jones CM, Lurie PG, Compton WM.

Am J Public Health. 2016 Apr;106(4):689-90. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303062. Epub 2016 Feb 18.

Comments: 1170% increase in naloxone dispensed from US retail pharmacies from 2013-2015. Not sure the actual numbers because I can’t access the article.

11) Recurring Epidemics of Pharmaceutical Drug Abuse in America: Time for an All-Drug Strategy.

Herzberg D, Guarino H, Mateu-Gelabert P, Bennett AS.

Am J Public Health. 2016 Mar;106(3):408-10. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302982. Epub 2016 Jan 21.

Comments: Fascinating take. And timely, as we’ve already started seeing some – albeit still spotty – policy movements away from the calls for humane treatment in the current opioid epidemic in the U.S.